Swiss glaciers 1850–2100

Pizolgletscher

IceIce lost since 1850This glacier

Past extents come from the Swiss Glacier Inventories of 1850, 1931, 1973 and 2016. Future extents are illustrative: each glacier’s projected area (OGGM, median of CMIP6 climate models) is removed from its lowest ice upward. About the scenarios. This glacier has no model run of its own; its future follows the typical path of glaciers its size.

Inventory 0.071km² Area in 2016 · ±0% compared with 2016
Area 20160.07km²801st largest
Elevation2,612–2,780mmedian 2,685 m
Length0.4kmfaces north-east
Area since 1850−88%0.58 km² in 1850
Tongue since 1893−490m109 measurements
Thinning 1961–2022−13maverage surface lowering

Pizolgletscher is one of 1,400 glaciers in Switzerland, covering 0.07 km² in the canton of St. Gallen. Its ice spans 2,612 to 2,780 m and faces north-east. Its meltwater drains to the Rhine and on to the North Sea. In 1850, at the end of the Little Ice Age, it covered 0.58 km²; by 2016 it had lost 88% of that area. Its tongue has been measured 109 times since 1893. In total it has retreated 490 m, about 3.7 m a year. Its mass balance has been measured since 2007: on average −1.19 m of water equivalent per year, with the most negative year in 2011 (−2.19 m). Between 1961 and 2022 its surface dropped by 13 m on average. No glacier model run exists for it; on the map it follows the typical path of glaciers its size.

Measured

The record

Length change since 1893

Position of the glacier tongue, measured in the field almost every year. Hover for each measurement.

−500 m−400 m−300 m−200 m−100 m0 m100 m1900192019401960198020002020−490 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Length Change, release 2025.

Mass balance 2007–2021

Ice gained (blue) or lost (red) over the whole glacier each year, in metres of water equivalent. Measured with stakes drilled into the ice.

−2.5−2.0−1.5−1.0−0.50.00.5201020152020
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Mass Balance, release 2025. Cumulative since 2007: −17.8 m water equivalent.

Thinning since 1961

Average change in surface height, from comparing elevation models made from maps, aerial images and laser scans.

−15 m−10 m−5 m0 m197019801990200020102020−13 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Volume Change, release 2025.
Profile

Facts

Area over time

18500.581 km²19310.320 km²19730.292 km²20160.071 km²2050 · SSP2-4.50.000 km²2100 · SSP2-4.50.000 km²

Past areas are the ice body this glacier belonged to at the time. Projections: OGGM median, SSP2-4.5.

SGI id
A50d-01
Canton
St. Gallen
River
Rhine → North Sea
Basin
Linth
Location
46.9595° N, 9.3894° E · swisstopo map
Elevation
2,612–2,780 m, median 2,685 m
Slope, aspect
26°, north-east
Debris cover
0.02 km² (29% of the area)
Inventory image
2014
Sources

Sources

  1. Linsbauer et al. (2021). The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2016. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.704189
  2. Mannerfelt et al. (2022). Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry. The Cryosphere 16. doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022
  3. GLAMOS – Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. www.glamos.ch

Relief: swisstopo swissALTIRegio. 1850 and 1973 outlines: Maisch et al. (2000), Müller et al. (1976), Paul (2004). Length, mass balance and volume change: GLAMOS releases 2025. All sources and methods.

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