Swiss glaciers 1850–2100

Wildstrubelgletscher

IceIce lost since 1850This glacier

Past extents come from the Swiss Glacier Inventories of 1850, 1931, 1973 and 2016. Future extents are illustrative: each glacier’s projected area (OGGM, median of CMIP6 climate models) is removed from its lowest ice upward. About the scenarios.

Inventory 2.34km² Area in 2016 · ±0% compared with 2016
Area 20162.34km²68th largest
Elevation2,554–3,229mmedian 3,000 m
Length2.5kmfaces east
1850 ice body7.1km²now 3 glaciers
Tongue since 1917−1,333m63 measurements
Thinning 1974–2023−36maverage surface lowering
Ice left in 21000%of 2020 volume, SSP2-4.5

Wildstrubelgletscher is the 68th-largest glacier in Switzerland, covering 2.34 km² in the canton of Valais. Its ice spans 2,554 to 3,229 m and faces east. Its meltwater drains to the Rhine and on to the North Sea. In 1850 it was part of a larger ice body of 7.1 km², which has since split into 3 glaciers covering 3.3 km² in 2016 (−54%). Its tongue has been measured 63 times since 1917. In total it has retreated 1,333 m, about 12.5 m a year. Between 1974 and 2023 its surface dropped by 36 m on average. With strong climate protection (SSP1-2.6), about 0% of its 2020 ice would remain in 2100. With very high emissions (SSP5-8.5) it would be gone around 2059. Its meltwater peaked around 2020.

Future

What remains in 2100

SSP1-2.6 · low emissionsGoneIce gone around 2078
SSP2-4.5 · intermediate emissionsGoneIce gone around 2069
SSP3-7.0 · high emissionsGoneIce gone around 2067
SSP5-8.5 · very high emissionsGoneIce gone around 2059
SSP1-2.6SSP2-4.5SSP3-7.0SSP5-8.5
0%25%50%75%100%202020402060208021000%0%0%0%
Ice volume as a share of 2020, median of 14 climate models; shaded: middle two-thirds of models. OGGM v1.6.

Meltwater

Million m³ of water per year, 11-year mean

05101520102030205020702090
Water leaving the glacier area each year: ice melt, snowmelt and rain. It rises while the glacier melts faster, then falls as the ice runs out: “peak water”.
Measured

The record

Length change since 1917

Position of the glacier tongue, measured in the field almost every year. Hover for each measurement.

−1,500 m−1,250 m−1,000 m−750 m−500 m−250 m0 m192019401960198020002020−1,333 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Length Change, release 2025.

Thinning since 1974

Average change in surface height, from comparing elevation models made from maps, aerial images and laser scans.

−40 m−30 m−20 m−10 m0 m19801990200020102020−36 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Volume Change, release 2025.
Profile

Facts

Area over time

18507.12 km²19315.25 km²19733.34 km²20162.34 km²2050 · SSP2-4.50.46 km²2100 · SSP2-4.50.00 km²

Past areas are the ice body this glacier belonged to at the time. Projections: OGGM median, SSP2-4.5.

SGI id
A55c-13
Canton
Valais
River
Rhine → North Sea
Basin
Kander & Simme
Location
46.4020° N, 7.5370° E · swisstopo map
Elevation
2,554–3,229 m, median 3,000 m
Slope, aspect
19°, east
Debris cover
0.29 km² (13% of the area)
Inventory image
2016
Ice volume (model)
≈ 0.072 km³ in 2020 (OGGM)
RGI ids
RGI60-11.01990, RGI60-11.02061, RGI60-11.02068
In 1850 joined with
Lämmerengletscher, Steghorngletscher SW
Sources

Sources

  1. Linsbauer et al. (2021). The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2016. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.704189
  2. Mannerfelt et al. (2022). Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry. The Cryosphere 16. doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022
  3. GLAMOS – Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. www.glamos.ch
  4. Zekollari et al. (2024). Twenty-first century global glacier evolution under CMIP6 scenarios and the role of glacier-specific observations. The Cryosphere 18 (OGGM v1.6 projections). tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2024/

Relief: swisstopo swissALTIRegio. 1850 and 1973 outlines: Maisch et al. (2000), Müller et al. (1976), Paul (2004). Length, mass balance and volume change: GLAMOS releases 2025. All sources and methods.

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