Glacier d'Otemma zentral
Past extents come from the Swiss Glacier Inventories of 1850, 1931, 1973 and 2016. Future extents are illustrative: each glacier’s projected area (OGGM, median of CMIP6 climate models) is removed from its lowest ice upward. About the scenarios.
Glacier d'Otemma zentral is the 15th-largest glacier in Switzerland, covering 12.59 km² in the canton of Valais. Its ice spans 2,464 to 3,785 m and faces west. Its meltwater drains to the Rhône and on to the Mediterranean. In 1850 it was part of a larger ice body of 20.5 km², which has since split into 4 glaciers covering 13.0 km² in 2016 (−36%). Its tongue has been measured 77 times since 1881. In total it has retreated 2,664 m, about 18.8 m a year. Its mass balance has been measured since 2020: on average −2.06 m of water equivalent per year, with the most negative year in 2022 (−3.49 m). Between 1934 and 2023 its surface dropped by 72 m on average. With strong climate protection (SSP1-2.6), about 3% of its 2020 ice would remain in 2100. With very high emissions (SSP5-8.5) it would be gone around 2064. Its meltwater peaked around 2023.
In pictures
What remains in 2100
Meltwater
Million m³ of water per year, 11-year mean
The record
Length change since 1881
Position of the glacier tongue, measured in the field almost every year. Hover for each measurement.
Mass balance 2020–2025
Ice gained (blue) or lost (red) over the whole glacier each year, in metres of water equivalent. Measured with stakes drilled into the ice.
Thinning since 1934
Average change in surface height, from comparing elevation models made from maps, aerial images and laser scans.
Facts
Area over time
Past areas are the ice body this glacier belonged to at the time. Projections: OGGM median, SSP2-4.5.
- SGI id
- B82-27
- Canton
- Valais
- River
- Rhône → Mediterranean
- Basin
- Dranse
- Location
- 45.9570° N, 7.4570° E · swisstopo map
- Elevation
- 2,464–3,785 m, median 3,029 m
- Slope, aspect
- 15°, west
- Debris cover
- 1.49 km² (12% of the area)
- Inventory image
- 2016
- Ice volume (model)
- ≈ 0.853 km³ in 2020 (OGGM)
- RGI ids
- RGI60-11.02801, RGI60-11.02850, RGI60-11.02873, RGI60-11.02885, RGI60-11.02887, RGI60-11.02898 …
- In 1850 joined with
- Porton Nord, La Sigla, Otemma NE
More in the Dranse basin
- Glacier de Corbassière14.95 km²
- Glacier du Brenay7.07 km²
- Glacier de Saleinaz6.69 km²
- Glacier du Mont Durand6.21 km²
- Glacier du Giétro5.11 km²
- Glacier de la Tsessette zentral2.06 km²
- Glacier de Valsorey2.03 km²
- Glacier de l'A Neuve S1.94 km²
- Glacier de Boveire1.66 km²
- Glacier du Tseudet1.54 km²
- Glacier d'Orny1.31 km²
- Glacier de l'A Neuve N1.27 km²
Sources
- Linsbauer et al. (2021). The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2016. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.704189
- Mannerfelt et al. (2022). Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry. The Cryosphere 16. doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022
- GLAMOS – Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. www.glamos.ch
- Zekollari et al. (2024). Twenty-first century global glacier evolution under CMIP6 scenarios and the role of glacier-specific observations. The Cryosphere 18 (OGGM v1.6 projections). tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2024/
Relief: swisstopo swissALTIRegio. 1850 and 1973 outlines: Maisch et al. (2000), Müller et al. (1976), Paul (2004). Length, mass balance and volume change: GLAMOS releases 2025. All sources and methods.