Allalingletscher
Allalin Glacier
Past extents come from the Swiss Glacier Inventories of 1850, 1931, 1973 and 2016. Future extents are illustrative: each glacier’s projected area (OGGM, median of CMIP6 climate models) is removed from its lowest ice upward. About the scenarios.
In 1965 a section of its tongue broke off and killed 88 workers at the Mattmark dam construction site. 2026 was its most negative year ever measured, worse even than 2022.
Allalingletscher is the 22nd-largest glacier in Switzerland, covering 9.09 km² in the canton of Valais. Its ice spans 2,682 to 4,182 m and faces north-east. Its meltwater drains to the Rhône and on to the Mediterranean. In 1850, at the end of the Little Ice Age, it covered 11.13 km²; by 2016 it had lost 18% of that area. Its tongue has been measured 127 times since 1881. In total it has retreated 1,231 m, about 8.7 m a year. Its mass balance has been measured since 1956: on average −0.29 m of water equivalent per year, with the most negative year in 2022 (−2.38 m). Between 1860 and 2023 its surface dropped by 4 m on average. With strong climate protection (SSP1-2.6), about 25% of its 2020 ice would remain in 2100. With very high emissions (SSP5-8.5) it would be gone around 2081. Its meltwater peaked around 2023.
In pictures
What remains in 2100
Meltwater
Million m³ of water per year, 11-year mean
The record
Length change since 1881
Position of the glacier tongue, measured in the field almost every year. Hover for each measurement.
Mass balance 1956–2025
Ice gained (blue) or lost (red) over the whole glacier each year, in metres of water equivalent. Measured with stakes drilled into the ice.
Facts
Area over time
Past areas are the ice body this glacier belonged to at the time. Projections: OGGM median, SSP2-4.5.
- SGI id
- B52-29
- Canton
- Valais
- River
- Rhône → Mediterranean
- Basin
- Vispa
- Location
- 46.0270° N, 7.8960° E · swisstopo map
- Elevation
- 2,682–4,182 m, median 3,320 m
- Slope, aspect
- 18°, north-east
- Debris cover
- 0.57 km² (6% of the area)
- Inventory image
- 2015
- Ice volume (model)
- ≈ 0.581 km³ in 2020 (OGGM)
- RGI ids
- RGI60-11.02704
More in the Vispa basin
- Gornergletscher41.23 km²
- Zmuttgletscher14.82 km²
- Findelgletscher13.86 km²
- Feegletscher zentral13.82 km²
- Unterer Theodulgletscher9.63 km²
- Riedgletscher7.23 km²
- Schwarzberggletscher zentral5.14 km²
- Hohlichtgletscher4.54 km²
- Bisgletscher4.18 km²
- Furgggletscher3.82 km²
- Mellichgletscher N3.08 km²
- Hobärggletscher2.98 km²
Sources
- Linsbauer et al. (2021). The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2016. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.704189
- Mannerfelt et al. (2022). Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry. The Cryosphere 16. doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022
- GLAMOS – Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. www.glamos.ch
- Zekollari et al. (2024). Twenty-first century global glacier evolution under CMIP6 scenarios and the role of glacier-specific observations. The Cryosphere 18 (OGGM v1.6 projections). tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5045/2024/
- Dodis – Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland. The catastrophe of Mattmark in 1965. www.dodis.ch/en/catastrophe-mattmark-1965
- GLAMOS (2026). Annual mass balance of Swiss glaciers in 2025/2026. doi.glamos.ch/pubs/annualrep/annualrep_2026.pdf
- swissinfo.ch (2015). The Mattmark disaster: a dramatic page in Swiss history. www.swissinfo.ch/eng/society/50th-anniversary_the-mattmark-disaster--a-dramatic-page-in-swiss-history/41627972/
Relief: swisstopo swissALTIRegio. 1850 and 1973 outlines: Maisch et al. (2000), Müller et al. (1976), Paul (2004). Length, mass balance and volume change: GLAMOS releases 2025. All sources and methods.