Swiss glaciers 1850–2100

Ofentalgletscher

IceIce lost since 1850This glacier

Past extents come from the Swiss Glacier Inventories of 1850, 1931, 1973 and 2016. Future extents are illustrative: each glacier’s projected area (OGGM, median of CMIP6 climate models) is removed from its lowest ice upward. About the scenarios. This glacier has no model run of its own; its future follows the typical path of glaciers its size.

Inventory 0.059km² Area in 2016 · ±0% compared with 2016
Area 20160.06km²853rd largest
Elevation2,836–2,988mmedian 2,921 m
Length0.2kmfaces north
Area since 1850−94%0.98 km² in 1850
Tongue since 1922−641m45 measurements
Thinning 1988–2023−12maverage surface lowering

Ofentalgletscher is one of 1,400 glaciers in Switzerland, covering 0.06 km² in the canton of Valais. Its ice spans 2,836 to 2,988 m and faces north. Its meltwater drains to the Rhône and on to the Mediterranean. In 1850, at the end of the Little Ice Age, it covered 0.98 km²; by 2016 it had lost 94% of that area. Its tongue has been measured 45 times since 1922. In total it has retreated 641 m, about 9.2 m a year. Its mass balance has been measured since 1956: on average −0.37 m of water equivalent per year, with the most negative year in 1965 (−0.91 m). Between 1988 and 2023 its surface dropped by 12 m on average. No glacier model run exists for it; on the map it follows the typical path of glaciers its size.

Measured

The record

Length change since 1922

Position of the glacier tongue, measured in the field almost every year. Hover for each measurement.

−750 m−500 m−250 m0 m194019601980−641 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Length Change, release 2025.

Mass balance 1956–1968

Ice gained (blue) or lost (red) over the whole glacier each year, in metres of water equivalent. Measured with stakes drilled into the ice.

−1.0−0.8−0.5−0.20.00.20.519601965
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Mass Balance, release 2025. Cumulative since 1956: −4.8 m water equivalent.

Thinning since 1988

Average change in surface height, from comparing elevation models made from maps, aerial images and laser scans.

−12 m−10 m−8 m−5 m−2 m0 m1990200020102020−12 m
GLAMOS Swiss Glacier Volume Change, release 2025.
Profile

Facts

Area over time

18500.980 km²19310.748 km²19730.408 km²20160.059 km²2050 · SSP2-4.50.000 km²2100 · SSP2-4.50.000 km²

Past areas are the ice body this glacier belonged to at the time. Projections: OGGM median, SSP2-4.5.

SGI id
B52-17
Canton
Valais
River
Rhône → Mediterranean
Basin
Vispa
Location
46.0129° N, 8.0041° E · swisstopo map
Elevation
2,836–2,988 m, median 2,921 m
Slope, aspect
33°, north
Debris cover
0.00 km² (1% of the area)
Inventory image
2015
Sources

Sources

  1. Linsbauer et al. (2021). The new Swiss Glacier Inventory SGI2016. Frontiers in Earth Science 9. doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.704189
  2. Mannerfelt et al. (2022). Halving of Swiss glacier volume since 1931 observed from terrestrial image photogrammetry. The Cryosphere 16. doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3249-2022
  3. GLAMOS – Glacier Monitoring Switzerland. www.glamos.ch

Relief: swisstopo swissALTIRegio. 1850 and 1973 outlines: Maisch et al. (2000), Müller et al. (1976), Paul (2004). Length, mass balance and volume change: GLAMOS releases 2025. All sources and methods.

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